Business Report Power in Organizations

Question: Describe about the Business Report for Power in Organizations. Answer: Introduction The business report will include critical analysis of the two given journal article. The given journal is based on the view of power in a company. The first journal is given by Cameron Anderson and Sebastien Brio, second is by Amarjit Singh, third is by Fred C. Lunenburg and fourth by Marcus Goncalves. In the first article concentrates on the ideas that few people will get hold of the power in the long-time as well as some of them are incompetent for possessing the fact that will be incorporating political benefit. In the second article, it will be providing in-depth knowledge in the context of the power bases, which will be unconstructive for using the power. It will also be giving a review on the classical concepts of power. Critical Analysis Article 1: Perspectives on Power in Organizations by Cameron Anderson and Sebastien Brio: In the first article, the importance of power for individual functioning, it will be essential for understanding few people for acquiring power. It will not be occurring because few of the individuals will be retaining power, once it is attained, in the fall of lofty positions of the power. The article will be reviewing the conceptualizing the method of power which doubles the time and review the research which will be speaking on three distinct power of dynamics, which will be maintenance, loss, and acquisition of power. Some of the budding sets have been found out, which will help for reconciling the appearance of nature on conflict. One of the major analyses has been done on finding contradiction among power maintenance and loss. Further, analysis can be given on the behavioral approach system, which will be activated through power generation. As per the theory of power approach, it has been found that power has given rise in surging for utilizing in cognition and heuristic for automatic social. Power is also having an impact on the individual motivation, cognition and behavior, like it, will be easing in achieving the objective. Through the creation of interpersonal social distance, cognitive power effect has been seen. One of the initial responsibilities of leader for facilitating cooperation of power as well as the group success has increased. Further, it has been analyzed that it will be emphasizing on the importance of power as well as for giving an accurate description of the factor affecting the impact of power. Huge concentration has been given on the historical concept of power, which will be concentrating on the overall crisis and complexity of the organization. It has been further analyzed that need of power will also be appearing for varying the life span across the stage. Moreover, it has been analyzed that organization will be giving trait, which is associated with the skills of the program. The article analyzed the power of which will be divided into maintenance and loss of the organization. The analysis has been looking in the exogenous factor, which will be consisting attributions and justification of the system. The article has result related to the endogenous factor, which will be taking into account behavior, cognition and effect of physiology. Further, the loss of the project has been observed for covering the loss in the exogenous factor is considered by including the result in the environmental competition, intergroup characteristics and characteristics of an individual. Article 2 - Organizational Power in Perspective by Amarjit Singh: In the second article, there has been auditing and evaluation of the classical concepts in the power management literature and descriptive style of power. According to the findings, it has been analyzed that the company is putting a transparent focus on the utilization of optimum utilization of power. To make effective utilization and posses' power, managers need to utilize their skill which will be comprised of persuasive ability, competence, personality to facilitate others and reciprocal favors. Next, it has also been observed that there are three types of managers according to the use of power, which will be personal power manager, affiliate managers, and institutional managers. Further, form the arguments of the author it has been analyzed that every company has impact in the power dynamics because of the connected politics. When the employees at low-level will possess a specialization in the technical expertise for accessing the important information, which will be influencing the decision of senior managers. It is has been conceivable for the senior managers who will be giving threatening to the status. Thus, it will also be terminated for a flimsy excuse, for the sharp and qualifying employee. Moreover, in the role of efficacious the leader will be a good follower. By close observation, it has been noticed that it will be completely putting back the encouragement of the coercion for the general use. The original threat has to whistle-blow is conceivable for using a coercion power through low levels which will be at the high levels. The article will be reviewing the conceptualizing the method of power which doubles the time and review the research which will be speaking on three distinct power of dynamics, which will be maintenance, loss, and acquisition of power. Some of the budding sets have been found out, which will help for reconciling the appearance of nature on conflict. There has been wide concentration on the power base as well as it will be less focusing on the complexity of the organization. The managers had interacted with the subordinates in the upper management, for the interface personnel, outside forces and functional management for exerting power and exchanging that among the groups. Further is has been found that referring powers and experts have done large influence on the interactive groups, which will influence the subordinated of the formal power. Article 3: Power and Leadership: An Influence Process by Fred C. Lunenburg According to the given article, it has been analyzed that Power and leadership plays huge role in affecting the company. This article attempts in determining influence of a leader on the other leaders of the organization. Leadership in the organization will help is analyzing the situation more effectively. One of the major sources for implementing the leadership will be coercive power. The exercising power is occurring due to threat in the whistle. Further, from the authors arguments it has been analyzed every company has created an impact in the power dynamics because of the connected politics, which will be directly effecting the disciplines of the company. The article has greater conflict in the company or organization with disagreement, due to the highest requirement of the power. Further, it is has been analyzed that power has been regarded as management resource. Due to increasing use of formal power, there is curbing of motivation and creativity at the workplace. There is no influence on the coercion and reward for penalizing powers, which will be improved outside the organization. It has been further observed that there is no existence of tangible influence over the top management on the coercive power of the company. It has been further discovered that referent power has been interpreted as one of the major sources of influence. Article 4: Leadership Styles: The Power to Influence Others by Marcus Goncalves In the fourth article, it has analyzed that influence of power in the leadership will have huge impact on running the organization. Leadership will be having huge impact on discussion people with the culture. According to this article, it has been said that the company will have behavioral impact on the power of the management. When the employees at low-level will possess a specialization in the technical expertise for accessing the important information, which will be influencing the decision of senior managers. It is has been conceivable for the senior managers who will be giving threatening status. Thus, it will also be terminated for a flimsy excuse, for the sharp and qualifying employee. Moreover, in the role of being an efficacious leader, one needs to be a good follower. By close observation, it has been noticed that it will be putting back the encouragement of the coercion for the general use. The original threat has to whistle-blow which is conceivable for using a coercion power through low levels which will be at the high levels. The exercising power is occurring due to thereat in the whistle. Further, from the authors arguments it has been investigated that every company has an impact in the power dynamics because of the connected politics, which will be directly effecting the disciplines of the company. The article has greater conflict in the company or organization with disagreement, due to the highest requirement of the power. The organizational effect of power on the individual characteristics will have great impression. One of the major study has been done on finding contradiction among power maintenance and loss. Power is also having an impact on the individual motivation, cognition and behavior as it will likely provide ease in achieving the objective. Moreover, emphasizing on the importance of power has given an accurate description of the factor affecting the impact of power. Recommendation It is recommended that both the article is focusing on the characteristics of power. The second article should also include the concept of a behavioral approach. In the first article, it will be recommended that there has been huge evidence found in the context of coercion and authoritativeness. Power is also having an impact on the individual motivation, cognition and behavior, like it, will be easing in achieving the objective through the creation of interpersonal social distance, cognitive power effect. There has been wide concentration on the power base as well as it will be less focusing on the complexity of the organization. It has been further discovered that has been interpretation in the referent power, which is one of the major sources of influence and motivating the employees. Referent power has been granted as respectful status. Conclusion The first article concentrates on the ideas that few people will get hold of the power in the long-time as well as some of them are incompetent for possessing the fact that will be incorporating political benefit. Empirical research has been consistent with the status of characterizing the theory with an instance. The second article highlights in-depth knowledge in the context of the power bases, which will be unconstructive for using the power. It will also be giving a review on the classical concepts of power. In the third article attempts in determining influence of then leader on the organization as well as on the leaders of the organization. According to the given article, it has been analyzed that power and leadership plays huge role in the organization. In the fourth article, it has analyzed that influence of power in the leadership will have huge impact on running the organization. Leadership has huge impact on discussion people with the culture. Accordingly, it has been that company will have behavioral impact on the power of the management. Bibliography: Anderson, C. and Brion, S., 2014. Perspectives on power in organizations.Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav.,1(1), pp.67-97. Borgatti, S.P., Mehra, A., Labianca, G.J. and Brass, D.J. eds., 2014.Contemporary perspectives on organizational social networks(Vol. 40). Emerald Group Publishing. Courpasson, D., Golsorkhi, D. and Sallaz, J.J., 2012. Rethinking power in organizations, institutions, and markets: Classical perspectives, current research, and the future agenda.Research in Sociology of Organizations,34, pp.1-20. Erden, Z., Schneider, A. and von Krogh, G., 2014. The multifaceted nature of social practices: A review of the perspectives on practice-based theory building about organizations.European Management Journal,32(5), pp.712-722. Flynn, F.J., Gruenfeld, D., Molm, L.D. and Polzer, J.T., 2012. Social psychological perspectives on power in organizations.Administrative Science Quarterly, p.0001839212440969. Geppert, M., Becker-Ritterspach, F. and Mudambi, R., 2013. New organizational perspectives on the study of politics and power in the multinational company.Organization Studies,34(5-6), pp.867-869. Goncalves, M., 2013. Leadership Styles: The Power to Influence Others.International Journal of Business and Social Science,4(4). Hatch, M.J. and Cunliffe, A.L., 2013.Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. Lunenburg, F.C., 2012. Power and leadership: an influence process.International journal of management, business, and administration,15(1), pp.1-9. Scott, W.R. and Davis, G.F., 2015.Organizations and organizing: Rational, natural and open systems perspectives. Routledge. Singh, A., 2009. Organizational Power in Perspective. Leadership and Management in Engineering. Pp.12. Accessed on: 4th October, 2016. Accessed from: https://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000018 Toorn, J., Feinberg, M., Jost, J.T., Kay, A.C., Tyler, T.R., Willer, R. and Wilmuth, C., 2015. A sense of powerlessness fosters system justification: Implications for the legitimation of authority, hierarchy, and government.Political psychology,36(1), pp.93-110. Van Kleef, G.A., Homan, A.C., Finkenauer, C., Blaker, N.M. and Heerdink, M.W., 2012. Prosocial norm violations fuel power affordance.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,48(4), pp.937-942. Vartanian, L.R. and Silverstein, K.M., 2013. Obesity as a status cue: Perceived social status and the stereotypes of obese individuals.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,43(S2), pp.E319-E328. Wodak, R., 2014. Perspectives from Critical Discourse Studies and the Discourse-Historical Approach.Language and Communication at Work: Discourse, Narrativity, and Organizing,4, p.39.